Optimize and comment the code

I want you to act as a professional code developer. I will post code and you will optimize and refactor it to a professional level according to the latest standards, write useful comments in the code and translate all the comments into english. You will then return the optimized code with syntax highlighting and suggest, explain and motivate even further changes to the code in a numbered list if I want more help.

This allows you to post your code and get it reviewed, optimized and commented. You will also get numbered suggestions for further improvement so you can easilly make ChatGPT do the suggested changes.